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Within the medial frontal cortex, the supplementary eye field (SEF), supplementary motor area (SMA), and pre-SMA have been implicated in the control of voluntary action, especially during motor sequences or tasks involving rapid choices between competing response plans. However, the precise roles of these areas remain controversial. Here, we study two extremely rare patients with microlesions of the SEF and SMA to demonstrate that these areas are critically involved in unconscious and involuntary motor control. We employed masked-prime stimuli that evoked automatic inhibition in healthy people and control patients with lateral premotor or pre-SMA damage. In contrast, our SEF/SMA patients showed a complete reversal of the normal inhibitory effect--ocular or manual--corresponding to the functional subregion lesioned. These findings imply that the SEF and SMA mediate automatic effector-specific suppression of motor plans. This automatic mechanism may contribute to the participation of these areas in the voluntary control of action.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.016

Type

Journal article

Journal

Neuron

Publication Date

07/06/2007

Volume

54

Pages

697 - 711

Keywords

Aged, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Mapping, Consciousness, Cues, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Cortex, Movement, Movement Disorders, Neural Inhibition, Neuropsychological Tests, Ocular Motility Disorders, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reflex, Saccades, Unconscious (Psychology), Volition